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Elba Island
The island of Elba offers a marvellous variety of scenery, from small hidden coves to long sandy beaches; each corner of Elba holds its own special surprise for visitors. The island is washed by crystal clear water in every shade of blue – a paradise for divers and snorkellers.
It’s wooded hills make it ideal for hikers, it’s panoramic roads so popular with mountain bikers. Those in search of culture will find it’s ancient churches and museums a pleasant alternative to seaside activities. The Island of Elba is the third largest Italian island after Sicily and Sardinia and is the largest in the Tuscan Archipelago.
It has recently become part of the Tuscan Archipelago’s National Park together with the islands of Pianosa, Capraia, Montecristo, Giglio and Giannutri. Elba has a coastline of 147 km: its main mountain (Monte Capanne) is 1019 metres high, accessed via pathways or by a panoramic cable car.
Information about Elba Island
Measuring 224 square kms, the island is situated 10 kms from the mainland with an excellent ferry boat service taking only one hour from Piombino to Portoferraio (the island’s main town).
Elba has approximately 30.000 inhabitants, of these, 11.000 live in Portoferraio. The island is divided into 8 administrative “Communes”.
It has an asphalt road network of 210 km and 30 km of panoramic “macadam” roads.
The climate is always mild with a middle annual temperature of ca. 16°; the medium in the winter is about 10° degrees, 14° in spring, 26° degrees in summer and 17° degree in autumn. The medium water-temperature of April is always about 19° degrees, 20° in May, June about 24°, 26,8° degrees in July, in August 27,3°, September 25,5° degrees and October 23,1° degrees.
Already in acient times Elba’s destiny was always deternined by two factors: its strategic position and the richness of its mineral resources. Due to these characteristics, it was often the object of conquest for the various powers along the Mediterranean. For the Etruscans and the Romans Elba represented an inexhaustible source of riches and the iron from Elba contributed to the prospering of their civilization.
During the Medieval period Elba was dominated by Pisa. The remains of some important and striking defensive structures testify to the importance of possessing the island. The Appiani Lordship followed, as did the attentions of Cosimo de Medici, who built “Cosmopoli” on top of the ruins of the Roman city of Fabricia – now the capital Portoferraio – and had it surrounded with the impressive walls that saved the inhabitans from many pirate raids. The Spaniads settled in Porto Azzurro and they too made sure to construct defenses on their territory – the imposing San Giacomo Fort still dominates the pleasant landscape.
In the more recent history, the period that made this island famous and placed it on the world map was the brief exile of Napoleon, who stayed here for 10 month prior to his 100 days adventure which was finished in Waterloo.Bonaparte left a significant mark of his short reign: Important reforms and buildings like his Townhouse “Villa dei Mulini” in Portoferraio and his impressing summerresidence “San Martino” – which are now museums and can be visited.
The island first opened to tourism soon after 1950 but has managed to preserve it’s waters, flora and fauna thanks to its local administration and inhabitants.
A tiny airport services the island, permitting only small planes to land from a few privileged european cities. Most visitors arrive by car, others by train travelling to Piombino Marittima station which is very close to the ferry departures.
The beaches
As well as the beautiful, long, sandy beach of Marina di Campo, we wish to give you the names of other very beautiful nearby beaches on the island, some very crowded, others less: Seccheto – Cavoli – Fetovaia – Fonza.
Pianosa Island
An important part of the Tuscan Archipelago National Park, this small island on the south west of Marina di Campo was once famous as a prison island; today only a limited number of people may go there. Since access was not allowed for many years, the vegetation on the island and the sea around it are still untouched by man.
During the summer, you can go on daily boat trips to Pianosa; there are guided excursions partly on foot and partly by minibus, or, if you prefer, you can go round it by kayak or mountain bike. The chance of admiring the Roman port, the tiny village, the Agrippa Villa and the catacombs that date back to Roman times make a trip to the Island more than worthwhile, not forgetting the grottos inhabited in prehistoric times, the ancient spring, and the beautiful beaches with their crystal clear water. And at the end of your trip there is always some time for a swim in Cala Giovanna.
